ARQUITECTURA DE COMPUTADORAS

  SIMD Architecture Single Instruction, Multiple Data Overview of parallel data processing. Definition SIMD refers to a computer architecture in which a single instruction is executed simultaneously on multiple data elements. Key Characteristics One control unit Multiple processing units Executes the same instruction across multiple data points Highly parallel data processing Advantages High performance for vector and matrix operations Efficient for graphics, multimedia, and scientific computing Reduces instruction overhead Disadvantages Not suitable for tasks requiring different operations per data element Less flexible than MIMD architectures Requires data to be highly regular and parallelizable Common Applications Image and video processing Deep learning and AI acceleration Vectorized numerical computations GPU operations

 SISD Architecture (Single Instruction, Single Data) Computer Architecture - Unit IV: Parallel Processing Instituto Tecnológico de Comitán Instructor: M. en S. Paulo Eduardo Chapela Gómez Semester: August-December 2025 What is SISD? • SISD stands for Single Instruction, Single Data. • It is the simplest and most traditional computer architecture. • A single processor executes one instruction at a time on one data stream. • Example: A traditional sequential CPU. How SISD Works • The Control Unit (CU) fetches and decodes one instruction at a time. • The ALU executes that instruction using data from memory. • The result is stored back in memory or a register. • Process: 1. Fetch → 2. Decode → 3. Execute → 4.Store SISD Diagram Typical SISD Model: | Control Unit | | ALU/CPU Core | |  Memory | | Data Stream |  Examples of SISD Systems • Early computers: IBM 360, Intel 8086, Motorola 68000. • Most modern personal computers (when using a single core). • Sequential programs (e.g.,...

 Parallel Processing Advantages and Disadvantages Computer Architecture - Unit IV Comitán Institute of Technology Instructor: M.Sc. Paulo Eduardo Chapela Gómez Semester: August-December 2025 What is Parallel Processing? Parallel processing means dividing a task into smaller subtasks and executing them simultaneously on multiple processors or cores. The goal is to increase performance and reduce execution time. Common in supercomputers, cloud systems, and multicore CPUs.  Key Idea "Divide the work, distribute it, and execute it simultaneously." Parallel systems can: Share memory (shared-memory systems) Communicate through messages (distributed-memory systems) Main Advantages (1/2) Speedup and Performance: Tasks are executed faster when divided among processors. Efficiency: Better utilization of system resources. Scalability: Easy to increase performance by adding more processors. Reliability: One processor's failure may not stop the system. Real-Time Processing: Ideal for ...

  1. Ventajas · Factor de forma compacto (Mini-ITX): Su pequeño tamaño la hace ideal para construir equipos compactos y de bajo perfil, como centros multimedia, sistemas embebidos o PCs para espacios reducidos. · Bajo consumo energético: Al integrar un procesador Intel Celeron 220 de bajo voltaje, genera poco calor y consume poca electricidad, lo que reduce los costos de operación y permite el uso de fuentes de poder pequeñas. · Todo en uno (All-in-One): Incluye componentes clave integrados como gráficos (SiS Mirage 1) y sonido, lo que reduce la necesidad de comprar tarjetas adicionales y abarata el costo total del sistema. · Conectividad básica incluida: Cuenta con puertos esenciales como SATA, IDE, USB, serie y paralelo, ofreciendo versatilidad para conectar una variedad de periféricos antiguos y modernos. · Bajo costo inicial: En su momento, fue una solución económica para ensamblar un PC funcional para tareas básicas. 2. Desventajas · Rendimiento muy limitado: El procesador Cel...

 Presented by: Graciela Orta Diaz Institution: Instituto Tecnologico de Comitan Date: 05-11-2025 Introduction Intel and AMD are two of the most important companies in the CPU and semiconductor industry. Both develop processors for computers, servers, and other devices. Their competition drives innovation, performance, and price competitiveness in the global market. Company Overview Intel: Founded in 1968, HQ in Santa Clara, CA. CEO: Pat Gelsinger. AMD: Founded in 1969, HQ in Santa Clara, CA. CEO: Lisa Su. Intel focuses on CPUs, GPUs, and AI. AMD focuses on CPUs, GPUs, and gaming performance. Technology Comparison Intel uses x86 hybrid architecture (Performance & Efficiency cores). AMD uses Zen architecture with TSMC 5nm process. Intel: Integrated UHD/Ir's Xe Graphics | AMD: Radeon Graphics. AMD often provides better power efficiency and overclocking support. Performance and Price Intel: Strong single-core performance, better gaming results, higher prices. AMD: Better multi-core...

A chipset is a collection of integrated circuits on a computer's motherboard that manages the flow of data between the processor, memory, and peripheral devices. It functions as a "traffic controller," dictating how components communicate with each other and establishing the capabilities of the motherboard itself. Core functions of a chipset Controls data flow. The chipset acts as the communication hub, ensuring that data moves smoothly and efficiently between components like the Central Processing Unit (CPU), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), Random Access Memory (RAM), and storage devices. Determines compatibility: The chipset is a key factor in deciding which processors, types of RAM, and expansion cards (e.g., graphics and storage) are compatible with your motherboard. A CPU must be able to communicate with the chipset to function correctly. Manages peripherals: It controls input/output (I/O) devices by managing connections like USB ports, SATA connectors for storage d...